Medieval News Essays - English Grammar, Shall And Will, Verbs

Medieval News New Laws of William the Conqueror to be used. The new laws made by William the conqueror, King of the English, shall be put into place on Sunday. The new laws set by his Majesty are as follows: 1. First that above all things he wishes one God to be revered throughout his whole realm, one faith in Christ to be kept ever inviolate, and peace and security to be preserved between English and Normans. 2.We decree also that every freeman shall affirm by oath and compact that he will be loyal to king William both within and without England, that he will preserve with him his lands and honor with all fidelity and defend him against his enemies. 3.I will, moreover, that all the men I have brought with me, or who have come after me, shall be protected by my peace and shall dwell in quiet. And if any one of them shall be slain, let the lord of his murderer seize him within five days, if he can; but if he cannot, let him pay me 46 marks of silver so long as his substance avails. And when his substance is exhausted, let the whole hundred in which the murder took place pay what remains in common. 4.And let every Frenchman who, in the time of King Edward, my kinsman, was a sharer in the customs of the English; pay what they call "scot and lot", according to the laws of the English. This decree was ordained in the city of Gloucester. 5.We forbid also that any live cattle shall be bought or sold for money except within cities, and this shall be done before three faithful witnesses; nor even anything old without surety and warrant. But if anyone shall do otherwise, let him pay once, and afterwards a second time for a fine. 6.It was decreed there that if a Frenchman shall charge an Englishman with perjury or murder or theft or homicide or "ran", as the English call open rapine which cannot be denied, the Englishman may defend himself, as he shall prefer, either by the ordeal of hot iron or by wager of battle. But if the Englishman be infirm, let him find another who will take his place. If one of them shall be vanquished, he shall pay a fine of 40 shillings to the king. If an Englishman shall charge a Frenchman and be unwilling to prove his accusation either by ordeal or by wager of battle, I will, nevertheless, that the Frenchman shall acquit himself by a valid oath. 7.This also I command and will, that all shall have and hold the law of the king Edward in respect of their lands and all their possessions, with the addition of those decrees I have ordained for the welfare of the English people. 8. Every man who wishes to be considered a freeman shall be in pledge so that his surety shall hold him and hand him over to justice if he shall offend in any way. And if any such shall escape, let his sureties see to it that they pay forthwith what is charge against him, and let them clear themselves of any complicity in his escape. Let recourse be had to the hundred and shire courts as our predecessors decreed. And those who ought of right to come and are unwilling to appear, shall be summoned once; and if for the second time they refuse to come, one ox shall be taken from them, and they shall be summoned a third time. And if they do not come the third time, a second ox shall be taken from them. But if they do not come the fourth summons, the man who is unwilling to come shall forfeit from his goods the amount of the charge against him --"ceapgeld" as it is called -- and in addition to this a fine to the king. 9. I prohibit the sale of any man by another outside the country on pain of fine to be paid in full to me. 10. I also forbid that anyone shall be slain or hanged for any fault, but let his eyes be put out and let him be castrated. And this command shall not

Capital Punishment, Tommy Douglas Essays

Capital Punishment, Tommy Douglas Essays Capital Punishment, Tommy Douglas Paper Capital Punishment, Tommy Douglas Paper Navi Sahsi 1740495 English 102 Section 143 Colleen Irwin March 14/11 Tommy Douglas’ â€Å"Capital Punishment† focuses on the negatives aspects of the death sentence in Canada. â€Å"I am in favour of the motion to abolish capital punishment and I am also supporting the amendment to put it on a five-year trial basis† (Tommy Douglas 558). Being a person who lives abroad in the public with millions of others, I must say I disagree with Douglas’ argument as to abolishing the punishment, as I feel having capital punishment would indefinitely reduce the murder rate in our country as well as deter criminals from even having slightest thought of committing a murder in the first place. Also, the notwithstanding clause (Section 33) in our legal system which states the government can override a number of our personal freedoms is an obvious bump in our legal system; which apparently has abolished capital punishment although the system still seems to have enough power to have someone sentenced to death even if it is indirect. Capital punishment is a very important tool in our criminal justice system today. There are various reasons it should be reinstated in Canada and remain in effect in places where it still takes place. There is undeniable proof that it is in fact a deterrent in committing crimes. â€Å"How capital punishment affects murder rates can be explained through general deterrence theory, which supposes that increasing the risk of apprehension and punishment for crime deters individuals from committing crime. Nobel laureate Gary S. Beckers seminal 1968 study of the economics of crime assumed that individuals respond to the costs and benefits of committing crime. According to deterrence theory, criminals are no different from law-abiding people. Criminals rationally maximize their own self-interest subject to constraints (prices, incomes) that they face in the marketplace and elsewhere† (David Muhlhausen 2009). One of the most basic human instincts that we have is self-preservation. This is defined as â€Å"the wish to stay alive and protect yourself from things that might hurt you† (Dictionary. com). Knowing that murdering someone will cost you your own life in return certainly violates the definition of preserving one self. Capital punishment has been used since the beginning of man kind to deter and punish the most heinous crimes committed by some of the most dangerous and hardened criminals. All countries around the world, view capital punishment as a way to give criminals what they deserve and to rid the world of the people who have the distorted mental state of mind to murder. People who protest and argue the laws on capital punishment don’t realize that these ruthless criminals being put to death would kill the very same people protesting to keep them alive in an instant without hesitation. Perhaps solitary confinement over long periods of time instead of death may be a reasonable alternative but definitely would not make as much an impact as the penalty of death on people who commit these horrid crimes all around the world. â€Å"Using a panel data set of over 3,000 counties from 1977 to 1996, Professors Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul R. Rubin, and Joanna M. Shepherd of Emory University found that each execution, on average, results in 18 fewer murders. †(Muhlhausen 2009). At the least, sentancing should be conditional, meaning I agree with Tommy Douglas’ statement in the fact that there should be a 5 year trial if needed, but in addition, to avoid wrongful convictions, a person may only be sentenced to death if a certain amount of physical evidence is found against him, instead of taking the word of witnesses and perhaps loved ones of the deceased who obviously would prefer the suspect be killed, as this has proven faulty in the past. Most wrongful convictions, according to one analysis, result from mistakes by witnesses or witness perjury, the negligence of prosecutors, or errors in forensic science. Canada has seen too many innocents condemned to hanging in the past and life imprisonment in the present -for capital punishment to make a comeback in the twenty-first century† (Ray Argyle 2010). The fact that so many people had been wrongfully convicted before the abolishment of the law shows that there were obviously flaws in past legal s ystem in terms of evidence and unveiling of the truth. The last point I want to make is about the not withstanding clause which we have in Canada. This law allows government to override our rights from section 1-15 in the charter. These include our personal freedoms as well as the rights to avoid cruel and unusual punishments by the government. The point being, in special cases where someone commits a serious offence in the United States, although he may be arrested in Canada, he can be intentionally sent to America to be tried. In August 2003, it heard the case of Roger Judge, a man who had escaped from prison and, in June of that year, had fled to Ste-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec. Judge had been convicted of two counts of first degree murder and possession of an instrument of crime. Here the Canadian government had agreed to extradition without first seeking assurances that he would not receive the death penalty (Andrew Thompson). † So although the government has abolished the law it is not completely out of reach to have one killed indirectly if necessary Support for mandatory death falls of rapidly as the seriousness of the murder diminishes under law; only 13% want mandatory execution when a citizen is intentionally killed(non-capital murder) where as only 4% see a passionate killing(2nd degree) as deserving a death sentence† (David Chandler 45). Perhaps the large difference in opinion among the general public is why the law has simply been abolished. After all, abolishing it seems was the easy way out, even though some considered capital punishment was the easy way out, as simply killing a killer seemed the fastest and most logical thing to do. Or perhaps it is because a death sentence results in 2-3 times more money spent by tax payers due to legal fees as a death row convict is on average in a continues legal battle for 15-20 years. â€Å"Judges, attorneys, court reporters, clerks, and court facilities all require a substantial investment by the taxpayers (Joe Messerli 2010). † Whether it’s to do with the decrease/increase murder rate, the notwithstanding clause, or the money from tax payers it requires, capital punishment seems to be illogical in the eyes of the majority of the public in Canada so it has been abolished, but perhaps one day we will realize the benefits of it. After all the golden rule in many schools and universities of the civilized world is â€Å"Treat others how you want to be treated,† and killing others is simply something criminals need to realize is not tolerable and the only way to force them into having empathy for others is simply by the death of their fellow murderers. Essays: Douglas, Tommy. â€Å"Capital Punishment. † Steps to Writing Well with Additional Readings: Classic and Contemporary Reading Supplement. Eds. Jean Wyrick and Sarika P. Bose. Toronto: Nelson (2005): 558-62 Online Articles: Argyle, Ray. â€Å"Reasonable Doubts. Canada’s History; Vol. 90 (2010/11): 34-39 Muhlhausen, David B. The Death Penalty Should Not Be Abolished. Crime and Criminals. Ed. James D. Torr. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. Messerli, Joe. â€Å" balancedpolitics. org/death_penalty. html† Scholarly Sources: Chandler, David. â€Å"Capital Punishment in Canada. † The Carlton Library. Eds. Michael Gnarowski. Toronto: McClelland and Stewert Ltd (1976) Thompson, Andrew S. â€Å"Uneasy Abolitionists: Canada, the Death Penalty, and the Importance of International Norms (1962-2005). †

Profiles of Famous Black Scientists

Profiles of Famous Black Scientists Black scientists, engineers, and inventors have made important contributions to society. These profiles of famous people will help you learn about black scientists, engineers, inventors and their projects. Key Takeaways: Famous Black Scientists Famous black scientists include Mae Jemison, George Washington Carver, and Charles Drew.Although these scientists often faced discrimination, both men and women made significant contributions to science.Black scientists were innovators, inventors, and pioneers who made astounding discoveries. Patricia Bath In 1988, Patricia Bath invented the Cataract Laser Probe, a device that painlessly removes cataracts. Prior to this invention, cataracts were surgically removed. Patricia Bath founded the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. In 1988, Patricia Bath invented the Cataract Laser Probe, a device that painlessly removes cataracts. Prior to this invention, cataracts were surgically removed. Patricia Bath founded the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. Melvin Oatis and Dr. Patricia Bath attend TIME Celebrates FIRSTS on September 12, 2017 in New York City. Ben Gabbe / Getty Images George Washington Carver George Washington Carver was an agricultural chemist who discovered industrial uses for crop plants such as sweet potatoes, peanuts, and soybeans. He developed methods for improving the soil. Carver recognized that legumes return nitrates to the soil. His work led to crop rotation. Carver was born a slave in Missouri. He struggled to gain an education, eventually graduating from what was to become Iowa State University. He joined the faculty of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1986. Tuskegee is where he performed his famous experiments. George Washington Carver in Laboratory. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Marie Daly In 1947, Marie Daly became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry. The majority of her career was spent as a college professor. In addition to her research, she developed programs to attract and aid minority students in medical and graduate school. Mae Jemison Mae Jemison is a retired medical doctor and American astronaut. In 1992, she became the first black woman in space. She holds a degree in chemical engineering from Stanford and a degree in medicine from Cornell. She remains very active in science and technology. Mae Jemison speaks to students at Woodrow Wilson High School on March 19, 2009 in Washington, DC. Brendan Hoffman / Getty Images Percy Julian Percy Julian developed the anti-glaucoma drug physostigmine. Dr. Julian was born in Montgomery, Alabama, but educational opportunities for African Americans were limited in the South at that time, so he received his undergraduate degree from DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana. His research was conducted at DePauw University. Samuel Massie Jr. In 1966, Massie became the first black professor at the U.S. Naval Academy, making him the first black to teach full-time at any US military academy. Massie received a masters degree in chemistry from Fisk University and a doctorate in organic chemistry from Iowa State University. Massie was a professor of chemistry at the Naval Academy, became the chairman of the department of chemistry and co-founded the Black Studies program. Garrett Morgan Garrett Morgan is responsible for several inventions. Garret Morgan was born in Paris, Kentucky in 1877. His first invention was a hair straightening solution. October 13, 1914, he patented a Breathing Device which was the first gas mask. The patent described a hood attached to a long tube that had an opening for air and the second tube with a valve that allowed air to be exhaled. On November 20, 1923, Morgan patented the first traffic signal in the U.S. He later patented the traffic signal in England and Canada. Norbert Rillieux Norbert Rillieux invented a revolutionary new process for refining sugar. Rillieux’s most famous invention was a multiple effect evaporator, which harnessed steam energy from boiling sugarcane juice, greatly reducing refining costs. One of Rillieuxs patents was initially declined because it was believed he was a slave and therefore not a US citizen (Rillieux was free). Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson (born August 26, 1918) made major contributions to the United States space program in the field of digital electronic computers. The book and movie Hidden Figures feature the significance of her work. Katherine Johnson (middle) at the 89th Annual Academy Awards. FilmMagic / Getty Images James West James West (born February 10, 1931) invented the microphone in the 1960s. He holds 47 US patents and over 200 foreign patents for microphones and polymer foil electrets. Wests transducers are used in over 90 percent of microphones in use today. Ernest Everett Just Ernest Just (1883-1941) was an African-American scientist and teacher. He pioneered research into cell development and fertilization. Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806) was a self-educated astronomer and mathematician. He surveyed the land that became the nations capitol. Banneker exchanged letters with Thomas Jefferson to further the cause of racial equality.

The application of balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation of Essay

The application of balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation of higher education - Essay Example In the case of non-proï ¬ t organizations, the BSC lays huge emphasis on customer satisfaction and therefore a priority is given in all matters regarding to customer services. in organizations where a financial crisis is a daily affair, their BSC prioritized financial perspective. Focusing on different prioritization perspective of BSC, organizations have an opportunity to allocate resources appropriately with minimal wastage or fraud. The study case has also provided a platform for non-profit organizations to measure how they perform. In this, performance measure indicators (PMIs)are applied as indicators of efficiency. Again, different definition of PMIs can be adopted to fit the objectives of the business. In case of institutions of higher learning, â€Å"student/staff ratio† and â€Å"Ph.D ratio† PMIs are appropriate. For manufacturing concern, â€Å"customer satisfaction† is applicable while â€Å"service delivery† PMIs works with non-proï ¬ t org anization. Though implementation of the BSC has not been effected in Taiwan and other developing countries, America and Europe are already reaping its benefits. BSC is yet to gain momentum and relevant in third world countries. However, this study has clearly demonstrated that BSC can be instrumental in delivering positive changes in strategic and performance management in higher learning institutions. Furthermore, the study has recommended that senior management and supervisors must fully support the implementation of system managing tools, otherwise they are destined to failure. In conclusion, institutions should me motivated by their vision and mission so that they are run like any other business where efficiency is highly

Feedback after reading loss of the creature written by Walker Percy Essay

Feedback after reading loss of the creature written by Walker Percy - Essay Example In the education sector, the teachers created the intentions they intend on the students based on the kind of impression they create during the classroom learning. In essence, the value of any object is lost due to the subjectivity that people imparts on the creature. To start with, Percy (1) discusses the image of the Grand Canyon and the way people under different circumstances see it. He considers two different people and the way they perceive the Grand Canyon under the circumstances they see it; while the discoverer puts a lot of value on the feature, a sightseer today will have very little value for this Canyon. For the discoverer, the Canyon is a new image and a new encounter and this is the ground in which he makes judgment of the object. He has the privilege to make personal judgment on the Canyon and deduce the value of the object at that moment. However, the sightseer is a person who knows about the object and some preformed expectations of the object. Likely, people who paid the feature a visit influence the sightseer and hence they create some predefined expectations of the image. Therefore, they will go with this image and will expect the image to conform to this image. When a sightseer goes with very high expectations, they may judg e the feature harshly and find it rather below their expectation. The point that passes here is that the image created by people about something influence the way people see that thing. Percy idea on the beauty of a creature is comparable to the day-to-day experiences, and the definition of beauty in the society. Beauty is subjective and the way people will describe a person will influence how others see that person. For instance, if before the encounter of someone has the image that that person is ugly, they will have such an attitude and it is this image that they will use to judge the person during their initial encounter. Likely, the person

computer Fields :: essays research papers

Duaane B. Carrington Jr.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Cattell Rough Draft  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11/7/01 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my term paper the field I chose was computers. I chose this field because I love computers and it s a field on the rise. When doing my research about computers, I tried to stay focused on a few different types of fields. I did this because I thought that doing every different type of field would not help me chose the right field for me. Computers is such a big field that it was almost no problem picking a couple of computer fields to talk about in my term paper. Preparation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When doing some research I found out some ways to prepare yourself for the field of computers. First you should have good study habits and take a lot of notes during class. It would help you if you had a laptop so you can do some of your work in your dormitory instead of using the computer lab on the school campus (Cobb, interview). If you know nothing about the field that you are doing, then you should narrow down your classes, and take a side class that will help you prepare for your field. Since there are so many mathematic problems dealing with computers you should be well rounded with math in high school (Cobb, interview). If you are not good with math, then you should try to do anything possible to try and improve your math capabilities. Opportunities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many opportunities with the field of computers. A lot of jobs are offered to college students during their time in college. Some jobs offer the student so much money that they could live off of that if they were to leave college at that moment in time ( ex.35,000). Some job offers in different fields of computers are vast, but some are very hard make it in. You should pick a field that nobody really knows about make sure it has good pay. General   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I found out that having someone who majored or knows something in the field of computers that you are in, you will need them if you have to ask them a question about something in your field that you can’t answer. There is a high demand for computer experts in certain fields, because a big or small corporation might need someone in that area to help them become successful (Cobb, interview). There is a lot of programming in computers.

Rhetorical Analysis of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass† by Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass wrote many autobiographies, editorials, and speeches. His greatest piece is probably the book Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass. In this book he talks about his life as a slave and he makes numerous arguments against slavery. Upon a closer reading, Douglass, by metaphors and personal anecdotes, appeals to the three rhetorical appeals Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. Later in the first chapter Douglass talks about his aunt Hester. Hester disobeyed their owner and he started to punish her. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ He led her to a stool under a large hook in the joist, put in for the purpose†¦ † (Douglass pg4) Made her get on top of the stool tied her to the hook and â€Å"†¦he commenced to lay on the heavy cowskin and soon the warm, red blood came dripping to the floor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglass pg 5) â€Å"I was so terrified and horror-stricken at the sight, that I hid myself in a closet and dared not to venture out till long after the bloody transaction was over. (Douglass pg 5)With this quote he is subtly saying â€Å"If you want to know about slavery I can tell you about slavery because I was there, I lived it. † For the fact that he was there and witnessed this event gives him ethos. Around the middle of the second chapter Douglass talks about an overseer named Mr. Severe. Mr. Severe was the overseer of Colonel Lloyd’s, who was Douglass’ owner, plantation. â€Å"Mr. Severe was ri ghtly named: he was a cruel man. I have seen him whip a woman, causing the blood to run half an hour at a time; and this, too, in the midst of her crying children, pleading for their mother’s release. † (Douglass pg 7) Again this same situation where he is telling the audience that he knows what he is talking about because he witnessed and lived it so therefore he has enough credibility to talk about it. This quote shows that he knows exactly what he is talking about so he has the ethos to tell the audience what a slave’s life was like. In the middle of chapter two Douglass talks about how the slaves were not given beds. He said â€Å"†¦They found less difficulty from the want of beds, than from the want of time to sleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglass pg 6) â€Å"†¦Very many of their sleeping hours are consumed in preparing the field for the coming day; and when this is done, old and young, male and female, married and single, drop down side by side, on one common bed,-the cold, damp floor,- each covering himself of herself with their miserable blankets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglass pg 6) He says this to evoke emotion into the audience the phrase â€Å"the cold, damp floor,† and the parallel structure â€Å"old and young, male and female, married and single† evokes emotion. This is a strong appeal to pathos in his argument. In the beginning of chapter eight Douglass talks about when he went to live in Baltimore. He talks about His old master’s youngest son dying and then three years later his old master died. So his property was valued and he was sent for to be valued with the other property. â€Å"†¦Here again my feelings rose up in detestation of slavery. I had now a new conception of my degraded condition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I left Baltimore with a young heart overborne with sadness, and a soul full of apprehension. (Douglass pg 27) He says this and these lines evoke so much emotion. With the phrase â€Å"a young heart overborne with sadness† and the use of other emotional words and phrases get the audience going. So this is also an example of a strong appeal to pathos. Around the middle of chapter six Douglass talks about going to live with Mr. and Mrs. Auld. Mrs. Auld started to teach him the A, B, Cs. After he learned that he was lear ning to spell words of three or four letters. At that point Mr. Auld found out and told Mrs. Auld not to instruct him further. He said Mr. Auld said â€Å"’†¦ if you teach that nigger how to read, there would be no keeping him. It would forever unfit him to be a slave. He would at once become unmanageable and of no value to his master †¦It would only make him discontented and unhappy. ’ These words sank deep into my heart†¦ I now understood what had been to me a most perplexing difficulty-to wit, the white man’s power to enslave the black man. †(Douglass pg 20) This is his epiphany or his allegory of the cave moment when he realizes what is actually going on. He thought logically for a long time and he finally found what he was looking for. This quote is an appeal to logos. Early on in chapter nine Douglass talks about his Master Thomas Auld. He says he always got enough to eat everywhere else he went but not with Master Thomas. â€Å"I have said Master Thomas was a mean man †¦ Not to give a slave enough to eat, is regarded as the most aggravated development of meanness even among slaveholders. The rule is, no matter how coarse the food, only let there be enough of it†¦ Master Thomas gave us enough of neither coarse nor fine food. (Douglass pg 31) This is a syllogism he is saying Mean slave owners don’t give their slaves enough to eat, Master Thomas doesn’t give his slaves enough to eat therefore Master Thomas is a mean man. A syllogism appeals to logos so this quote appeals to logos. To conclude, Frederick Douglass uses metaphors and personal anecdotes to appeal to the three rhetorical appeals Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. His book Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass is filled with examples of these appeals. Personal anecdotes give him Ethos, Parallel structure appeals to Pathos, and logical thinking appeals to Logos.