Comparison of Cousin Kate and The Seduction Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Cousin Kate and The Seduction Essay After she has taken the decision about what to do about the lord, she hints that she regrets her relationship with the lord by asking questions. The girl in The Seduction also admits that she regrets her fling with the boy by asking questions, the tenth, eleventh and twelfth stanzas are all asking questions for example how did she feel betrayed? . Both of the poems make the reader feel sorry for the girls featured in them. The Seduction makes you feel sorry for the girl by using phrases such as and he muttered little slag and she sobbed in the cool locked, darkness of her room. From these phrases you learn that the girl is unaware of what the boy is really thinking about her. She also seems to be unaware that she could get pregnant. Cousin Kate makes you feel sorry for the maid by using phrases such as Not mindful I was fair and now I moan an unclean thing that might have been a dove. These phrases tell the reader that she was innocent and unaware of the consequences when she met the lord. I feel more sorry for the maid in Cousin Kate than the girl in The Seduction. This is because I feel that although the girl in The Seduction knew what she was doing was wrong, she did it anyway. She didnt have to have sex with him and although she liked him and it appeared that he liked her she should have known better. I feel more sorry for the maid because she says O cousin Kate my love was true, your love was writ in sand. She truly loved the lord, more than she believes Kate does. The maid also seems innocent. Another reason I feel sorry for the maid is even when she was with the lord, they didnt have a proper relationship, he didnt treat her very well. She felt like his plaything. She didnt mean anything to him. In The Seduction the atmosphere is conveyed well. In the beginning of the poem there is a sense that something will go wrong. Descriptive phrases such as the quiet bricks, far past the silver stream of traffic and far from the blind windows are a sign that things do not all go well. The adjectives are used to show that no one will be around to see whats going on. Another sign that something is going to go wrong is that the poem keeps reminding the reader that the girl is very drunk. We are twice reminded about the number of drinks shes had, these are he handed her the vodka and she knocked it back like water and as he bought her more drinks. The poem says she sat her head rolling forward. This shows that the girl is not in control of what she is doing. The imagery used in the poem is not very positive. The girl is said to be facing the frightening scum on the water. The use of frightening scum gives a very unpleasant image of the water. In the beginning of the poem the scum she faces is only on the top of that water, in the later stages of the poem, she feels the scum facing her is the rest of her life. The Mersey, green as a septic wound is also a negative simile. It gives a bad image of the setting, which gives an image of bad things to come. After the girl has discovered she is pregnant, the atmosphere is very powerful. Using strong verbs such as ripped and flung, cheated, creates this. At the end of the poem the girl is very depressed. She says: Better to starve yourself like a sick precocious child- Than to walk through town with a belly huge and ripe. We anticipate what will happen in the future. The atmosphere also changed in Cousin Kate. In the beginning of the poem the atmosphere is good. The maids says contented with my cottage mates which tells me that she is happy with her life before she met the lord. After this point she becomes angry and depressed. This is because the lord has left her for Kate. She becomes enraged and jealous. I believe that The Seduction is aimed at a younger audience than Cousin Kate. The Seduction uses much simpler language, although this could be because The Seduction was written much later. Both poems warn about pregnancy but The Seduction is easier to understand for people my age. I found The Seduction easier to understand and relate to because the language is more modern. In Cousin Kate the maid says the neighbours call you good and pure, call me an outcast thing. In The Seduction it says: And better now, to turn away, move away, fade away, Than to have the neighbours whisper that you always looked the type. In both examples the girls are worried about what other people (the neighbours) think of them. The mood of both poems is quite angry. In Cousin Kate, the mood changes from excitement to anger and jealousy. The maid is excited because about her future with the lord and their relationship. She is then angry about the lord leaving her to be with Kate. She is jealous of Kate because she took the lord away from her. However, the maid also feels quite proud because she has a son and Kate does not, she is smug. In The Seduction the mood also changes from excitement to anger. She too is excited about her relationship with the man. She is angry because the man left her, instead of feeling proud or smug at the end of the poem, she is depressed. The tones of the two poems are very different. In Cousin Kate, the writer (Rosetti) seems to be very sympathetic to the maid. She says that the maid has sex with the lord because she loves him and does not criticize her behaviour or suggest that she has done anything wrong by doing this. The tone of The Seduction however, does seem to criticize the girl. The writer (McAuley) seems to criticise the girls behaviour, she makes out that the girl deserves what happens. The phrase and he muttered little slag suggests this. I have found The Seduction easier to understand, mainly because the language is simpler and the images described are more modern. However I prefer the imagery used in Cousin Kate because I feel it is more original and interesting. I prefer phrases such as his plaything and his love and he wore me like a silken knot to his eyes as blue as iodine and green as a septic wound. On the other hand, I think the symbolism used in The Seduction is very effective, i. e. the confetti and the high white shoes. I feel that the main reason I prefer The Seduction is its easier to relate to for my age group. It is very hard to imagine what it would be like to be singled out by a great lord and then to be left for her cousin and having the lords baby on the way. I find it much easier to relate to The Seduction as I can understand how it must feel to have a one night stand and then become pregnant. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE JRR Tolkien section.

Similarities between Photosynthesis and Aerobic Respiration

Similarities between Photosynthesis and Aerobic Respiration Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are both part of a cyclic process of biochemical reactions. Photosynthesis requires the products of aerobic respiration (carbon dioxide and water), while aerobic respiration requires the products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen). Together, these reactions are involved in how cells make and store energy. The energy transfers in both processes and in how the gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs and the end products that result from each process are somewhat opposite processes, thus aerobic respiration and photosynthesis are in some ways complete opposites of each other. Photosynthetic organisms such as plants use solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. During respiration glucose is oxidised back to carbon dioxide, in the process, releasing energy that is captured in the bonds of ATP. Although these two energy producing processes differ in their uses and also their goals, they do have several similarities. Photosynthesis is a chemical process that takes place in the presence of sunlight, wherein plants manufacture their food and build stores of energy. This phenomenon occurs in chlorophyll containing plant cells. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plant leaves that gives the plant its green colour. Chlorophyll absorbs the light energy and utilises it to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. These carbohydrates produced are used by the plants as a source of immediate energy for growth, reproduction, and absorption of nutrients. The chemical reaction produces oxygen which is released into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis can be summed up by the following equation: 6CO2 + 6H20 + Sunlight à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  C6H1206 + 6O2, (fig1 below illustrates the process of photosynthesis) Occurring in the chloroplast light reaction converts solar energy to chemical energy of ATP and NADPH.The light reactions use the solar power of photons absorbed by Photosystem I and II. These are light gathering antennas containing the chlorophyll primarily responsible for absorbing the light. Electrons are also carried from Photosystem I and II via NADPH to the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle uses ATP NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar.CO2 enters the cycle leaves as sugar. The sugar product of the Calvin cycle is not glucose but a 3 carbon sugar called 3-Phosphoglycerate. This 3- Phosphoglycerate with the addition of another phosphate group from ATP forms glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate .In order for one of these G3P molecules to be synthesised the cycle must take place 3 times, fixing 3 molecules of CO2.There are 3 phases of the Calvin cycle, the carbon fixation phase, the carbon reduction phase and the regeneration phase. Cellular respiration is the process of oxidising food molecules or breaking down chemical bonds of glucose into carbon dioxide and water. The energy released in the process is trapped in the form of ATP and used by different energy consuming activities of the cell. It is a set of metabolic reactions that unlike photosynthesis which occurs in the chloroplast, cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. The complete breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water involves two major steps: glycolysis and aerobic respiration. Glycolysis is the anaerobic catabolism of glucose that occurs in all the cells and produces two molecules of ATP. Aerobic respiration is the process in which the pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis undergoes further breakdown in the presence of oxygen and generates thirty four molecules of ATP. This reaction can be described as follows: C6H1206 + 602 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (38 ATP)(fig2 below illustrates cellular respiration) Cellular respiration beginning here with glycolysis catabolises glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate. The net yield from glycolysis is 2 ATP 2 NADH per glucose. Electrons are carried from here to the electron transport chain via NADH. Pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where it gets modified to Acetyl COA. This then enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle completes the oxidation of the organic fuel to CO2.Electrons produced here are carried via NADH FADH2 to the electron transport chain oxidative phosphorylation. In the Krebs cycle a further 2 ATP is produced. Once there has been a sufficient energy shuttle of NADH from glycolysis, a maximum yield of 34 ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. This then gives a maximum of 38 ATP produced. Photosynthesis is a reduction-oxidation reaction, just like respiration. In respiration energy is released from sugars when electrons associated with hydrogen are transported to oxygen (the electron acceptor), and water is formed as a by-product. The mitochondria use the energy released in this oxidation in order to synthesize ATP. In photosynthesis, the electron flow is reversed, the water is split (not formed), and the electrons are transferred from the water to CO2 and in the process the energy is used to reduce the CO2 into sugar. In respiration the energy yield is 686 kcal per mole of glucose oxidized to CO2, while photosynthesis requires 686 kcal of energy to boost the electrons from the water to their high-energy perches in the reduced sugar light provides this energy. Outlined above are the main differences between the two processes. However, photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two processes that both involve electron transport chains and they both affect concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide energy to the organisms cells. It is interesting to note the structural similarities between Chlorophyll, that plays an important role in photosynthesis and Haemoglobin that is involved in cellular respiration. Both structures are practically identical except for the fact that haemoglobin has a central Iron atom and chlorophyll possesses a central Magnesium atom. Haemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Where chlorophyll is known for its green pigment, haemoglobin is known for its deep red pigment. Both photosynthesis and respiration are also similar in that they both undergo chemiosmosis. Chloroplasts and mitochondria generate ATP by this same basic mechanism. In both kinds of organelles, electron transport chains pump protons (H+)across a membrane from a region of low H+ concentration to an area of high H+ concentration.The protons then diffuse back across the membrane through ATP syntheses, driving the synthesis of ATP. (fig 3 below illustrates this.) To conclude from this, photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the most vital biochemical pathways to life. They both include cycles, stages and many enzymes to function. Although their similarities can be easily recognised, it is their differences that make them stand apart as opposite processes. Photosynthesis requiring light in order to produce its end product, carbohydrate, and cellular respiration requiring carbohydrate in order to produce its end product energy.

Globalization Essays -- Business International Globalization

Globalization is necessary in the world. Different theories on the concept of globalization provide distinct reasons on the need for globalization. The world’s advancements and technology help drive the need for globalization. Communities and organizations alike are affected by globalization, and smaller countries benefit from the generosity of larger participants in the world’s market. Globalization, in the business sense, is to make a product or service available in the global market. Any investment that is across national borders is also part of globalization. Many companies in the United States (US) have taken their product, service, or investment opportunities to other countries. This affects the global economy. Just as the economy of the US affects many Americans, the global economy affects the citizens of the world. As any company that does affects the global economy, positive or negative affects may be realized. Many different theories support the concept of globalization. Tariffs are levied on a country-to-country basis. Tariffs are duties, also known as taxes, which each country puts on the imports and exports of that country. The government of the country in question wages a tariff. The World Trade Organization (WTO) oversees all countries. Absolute advantage supports the concept of globalization, because this concept ensures that one country can produce a product better and more efficient than another country. By importing or exporting this product or good, the countries that use this product can easily trade other products or goods. This helps countries produce the things to make them more efficient. Comparative advantage happens when the opportunity cost of producing goods differs from country to country, all... ...upport the reasoning behind the need globalization. Many countries benefit from the use of products and services from other countries. In turn, the countries all benefit from each other. The markets will dictate what the driving forces are, but for now, the largest driving force in the world’s economy today is technology. The effects of globalization can be seen in many different organizations and even communities across the US. Regional trading blocs help countries that would normally not be a participant in the world market. Globalization is will only make this world’s economy stronger. References Blundel, R., & Thatcher, M. (2014). Contrasting Local Responses to Globalization: The Case of Volume Yacht Manufacturing in Europe. Web. 18 May 2015. Hill, C. (2008). International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

On the Grand Finale in Samuel Clemenss :: essays papers

On the Grand Finale in Samuel Clemenss Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) not only tells a story in this famous contribution to American literature, he also goes to great length to depict civilized humanity in a light that is anything but glamorous or glorious. In fact, his descriptions of typical representatives of society regarding their motivations, actions, habits, and morals are conveyed with subtlety but with unmistakable critical intentions. The metatextual aspects of this work appear gradually but intensify toward the end until the novel reaches a point where it begins to border on the absurd, a literary aspect explored more fully by later writers, such as playwright Samuel Beckett. Distinct elements of absurdity materialize when Huck Finn searches for Jim, his fellow traveler on the raft, who had been sold as a runaway slave by a con-artist. In the course of this search, Huck stumbles upon the farm of Aunt Sally and Uncle Silas who mistake him for Tom Sawyer. Huck goes along with this mistake, creating a situation that gets compounded when the real Tom Sawyer shows up. The latter, however, volunteers to go along with the ruse by posing first as a stranger and then as his own brother Sid. The novel depicts Huck Finn as a character who learned to stand on his own two feet at an early age and is used to surviving by his wits. He lacks formal education, and it is clear that he likes to view himself as un-"sivilized," but he is smart enough to wiggle himself out of almost any difficulty. His intelligence manifests itself in an uncanny ability to recognize human motivations and shortcomings and to act accordingly. However, he does not exploit people and generally refuses to compromise his own moral code which is fairly strict and amazingly conventional. Tom Sawyer, by comparison, is a well-read boy who clearly represents Clemens's view of the "learned" factions and aspects of society. The picture that emerges when Huck and Tom start to collaborate is one of almost perpetual conflict of the two in their mutual quest of a common objective: the liberation of Jim. Clemens turns this conflict into a tit-for-tat comparison of an "honor" student from the school of hard knocks in the so-called "real world" and his counterpart from the school of human civilization who functions mostly by using knowledge acquired from books.

Maya Angelou :: essays research papers

Collective Soul and Maya Angelou Collective Soul, a 90’s based rock band, and the famously known poet Maya Angelou, have a statement to make on their thoughts and feelings. They are expressed in two different forms of poetry. Maya Angelou express them in contemporary poetry, while the rock group Collective Soul adds rhythm and a impressive beat to their lyrics. Both of these forms of poetry are very strong at getting their point across to their audience that is very attracted to their work. Both Maya Angelou and Collective Soul share the hardships and oppression that has been bestowed upon their life’s, and other human beings. Maya Angelou’s poem Still I Rise and Collective Soul’s song December, show the effects on an individual through positive and negative means of expression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maya Angelou and Collective Soul’s poetry are similar in some ways when broken down correctly. Collective Soul writes “ why drink the water from my hand? Contagious as you think I am'; reflects the same ideas that Maya Angelou shares when She says, “Does my sassiness upset you? Why are you beset with gloom'; These two parts of their writings are asking a similar question. Why do you choose to seclude me from you’re world am I something you wouldn’t expect from another human? “Don’t scream about don’t think aloud turn your head now baby just spit me out don’t worry about don’t speak of doubt turn your head now baby just spit me out.'; This is a complex way saying why is you disrespected me because you can’t stand the way that I am. Just walk all over me treat me different act as if I’m a piece of crap. What good does it do for you by bringing me down? I think this is the question Collective soul is asking the person or group of people who are setting out to bring him down. Maya Angelou asks a similar question when she writes, “Does my haughtiness offend you?'; “Don’t you take it awful hard cause I laugh like I’ve got diamonds at the meeting of my thighs.'; This question is being asked to her opponent that chooses to treat her differently just like what collective Soul is asking in their song. In my opinion they are asking their enemies, why do you do this to me? What have I done to make you so awful mad, that you go out of your way to bring me down?

Hnd Business Environment Essay

According to the my selected organization they used external recruitment in practice to attract candidates, They post a job vacancies on weekend newspaper . What is advertisement? Advertising is a one-way communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain them For Recruitment – To provide information that will attract a significant pool of qualified candidates and discourage unqualified ones from applying Use of Advertisements in Recruitment Process. Creating awareness of Job Opportunities in the specified field of Interest. Finding Desirable Candidates Keeping an competitive edge over competitors as more advertisements attracts best of the job seekers. Advertisement is the fastest way to spread recruitment hiring information . Selection: Is the process of discovering the qualifications & characteristics of the job applicant in order to establish their likely  suitability for the job position. A good selection requires a methodical approach to the problem of finding the best matched person for the job . Selection Process Preliminary Interview Selection Tests Employment Interview Reference and Background Analysis Physical Examination Job Offer Employment Contract . Use of psychological test in selection Why choose testing Objectivity – good psychological tests are standardised on a large sample and provide normative data across a wide range of demographics and age cohorts. Well selected tests will allow you to demonstrate talents that may otherwise not be evident. Validity – psychometric tests are a more valid method of assessment than interviews, academic achievement & reference checks, and when utilised in combination (for example in an assessment centre) are highly predictive of future job performance. Cost – the cost of selection errors is large for both the employer and the employee. Psychometric tests help to minimise costs while maximizing potential fit between the candidate and the job. Army Alpha and Beta tests (WW1) – developed out of an urgent need to select personnel with specific aptitudes for training in specialist and strategic roles. Today – Psychological tests widely used in selection practices. USES OF TESTS Evaluation of right candidate Proper selection of candidate Identifying the candidates personality Places Where Psychological Testing Is Used Colleges or Educational Institutes Army,Navy etc. Bank Airlines Companies Schools So, now a days in most of the places candidates are evaluated on the basis of the psychological test. Advantages can result in lower turnover due if applicants are selected for traits that are highly correlated with employees who have high longevity within the organization can reveal more information about applicant’s  abilities and interests can identify interpersonal traits that may be needed for certain jobs Disadvantages difficult to measure personality traits that may not be well defined applicant’s training and experience may have greater impact on job performance than applicant’s personality responses by applicant may may be altered by applicant’s desire to respond in a way they feel would result in their selection lack of diversity if all selected applicants have same personality traits cost may be prohibitive for both the test and interpretation of results lack of evidence to support validity of use of personality tests Tips Select traits carefully : An employer that selects applicants with high degree of ‘assertiveness’, ‘independence’, and ‘self-confidence’ may end up excluding females significantly more than males which would result in adverse impact. Select tests carefully: Any tests should have been analyzed for (high) reliability and (low) adverse impact. Not used exclusively: Personality tests should not be the sole instrument used for selecting applicants. Rather, they should be used in conjunction with other procedures as one element of the selection process. Applicants should not be selected on the basis of personality tests alone. . Stages In Selection Process: Stage 1: Screening Of Application Forms . Stage 2: Tests–Intelligence, Aptitude, Technical, Psychometric, Ability, Interest. Stage 3: Selection Interview. Stage 4: Selection Decision . RECRUITMENT PROCESS PRACTICE . RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR FRESHER WRITTEN /APPTITUDE. GROUP DISCUSSION. PSYCHOMETRIC TEST(CONDITIONAL). TECHNICAL INTERVIEWS(CONDITIONAL). HR INTERVIEWS. RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR HIGHER POST PSYCHOMETRIC TEST. BUSINESS GAME. HR INTERVIEWS. SELECTION PROCEDURE/STEPS – PRELIMINARY SCREENING – WRITTEN TEST – PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST -INTERVIEW – PHYSICAL TEST – REFERENCE – FINAL SELECTION . . Difficulties in Recruitment process Talent Acquistion. Expensive. Time Constraint. Retention of employees. Managing low attrition rate. Budget. Challenges in Recruitent & Selection: Talent Shortage Attrition Rate Reservations and other Gov. Policies Remoteness of Job Scrutinity of employee’s credentials . – Basic Different. Between Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment searching for and attracting applicants qualified to fill vacant positions Selection- Analyzing the qualifications of applicants and deciding upon those who show the most potential Take part in the selection process †¦.. How do you come to know about no. of candidates to be recruited? ïÆ'   First do check about current workforce which is on bench and having the required skill then we decide about no. of candidate to be recruited. What’s the first process of recruitment? ïÆ'   If the recruitment is on small level and the skillset is easily available then we scan our database for candidates but if the recruitment is very large and skillset is presice (or scarcity of skillset ) then we give the advertise in news papers. †¦.. What is the next step you follow ? ïÆ'   We shortlisted the resume on  the basis of skill and experience and availability of skill set in market, then we invite them for further process like Aptitude Test ,Group Discussion, Interview. †¦. What kind of professionals can find job opportunities with the company? ïÆ'   We have a rigorous recruitment process to ensure that we hire the best talent in the industry. All our HR processes are competency based. Educational qualifications are function dependent. In addition to a good education, we look for candidates with high potential, integrity and the ability to lead the organisation in future. Our main focus is on `internal growth’ and hence we look for candidates who are steady, interested in building a career with Wipro and who bring a new perspective to the organisation. †¦ What kind of retention policies do you implement to fight attrition? ïÆ'   Our values and culture, freedom and autonomy, exciting challenges and opportunities for career advancement are our key retention tools. We work in a highly charged environment with talented and successful people that motivate one and all. We believe that apart from salaries, employees seek fast growth, exciting work environment and opportunity to make a difference through entrepreneurial ventures, amongst other things. Each employee has a career growth plan in place. Based on the career plan we give each of them opportunity to work in various functions to get a wide and varied exposure. We also have a compensation design, which aggressively differentiates between performers and non-performers. We also purge ETHICS OF RECRUITING AND SELECTION Executives are often surprised to discover how many ethical dimensions exist in recruiting, probably because selection is typically viewed as a practical, rather than philosophical, decision-support system. Our experience has demonstrated that personal and corporate ethics influence not only who is selected, but how jobs are defined and who becomes a candidate. In the pages that follow, we will explore the implications of those (often subtle) ethical issues that impact every employment decision. We will  highlight our belief that there is a moral imperative attached to the recruitment and selection process which can be stated as arriving at a decision which — within the constraints of time, economics and the law — places the future of the candidate and that of the employer in the least possible jeopardy. It is epitomized by choosing a candidate who will be challenged while succeeding and who contributes to the organization’s goal attainment by adding uniquely to its fabric of talents. Making an ethical personnel selection involves gathering and carefully analyzing all relevant data so that the decision is wisely drawn, balancing the short and long-term benefits — as well as the liabilities — which could accrue to the organization and the individual. To achieve such an optimal result requires thoughtful vigilance throughout the planning, sourcing, interviewing and referencing process. www.integrepartners.com (o) 312-819-5900, (f) 312-819-5924 1 The legislations of Recruitment and Selection The contents of this section include: Data protection and freedom of information legislation Equality legislation Types of discrimination – direct and indirect ‘Lawful’ discrimination Liability What you can and can’t ask candidates Equality and Diversity policy Individual merit principle Good practice guide for interviewing (personal questions) Data protection and freedom of information legislation Data protection and freedom of information legislation are important considerations during the recruitment and selection process. Generally, personal data is only to be obtained for specified and lawful purposes (such as obtaining information for selection purposes) and relevant to employment. All information is to be confidentially maintained (e.g. Appointing Committee members must not discuss with anyone other than HR and other Committee members any candidate details). Appointing Committee members should be aware that all documentation (hard copies and electronic copies) about a candidate is potentially disclosable at their request (i.e. application to the University’s Data Protection and Freedom of Information Office). This includes: shortlisting notes interview notes notes on tests references It is, however, important that notes have sufficient detail so that decisions are fully transparent. This is both in the interests of candidates (who are increasingly seeking feedback on why they were rejected) and of the Appointment Committee members in the event there is a complaint. It is difficult, if not impossible, to recall specific details of a specific candidate months later in the event that accusations of unfair treatment are made. Equality legislation There are a number of pieces of legislation impacting the recruitment and selection process. They include: Equal Pay Act 1970 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976 / Amendment Act 2000 Parental Leave Regulations 1999 The Disability Discrimination Act 1996, 2005, 2006 EU Directive 1000/78/EC on Equal Treatment in Employment Equality Act 2006 Work and Families Act 2006 Collectively these Acts prohibit discrimination in employment (including the recruitment and selection process) on any of the following grounds: gender marital status family status disability colour race nationality, national or ethnic origin religion or beliefs sexual orientation age Types of discrimination – direct and indirect Direct Discrimination Direct discrimination is where an individual is treated less favourably than another because of sex, marital status, colour, nation origin, disability etc. An example would be rejecting all women candidates for positions traditionally held by men (e.g. security), or advertising for ‘young researchers’ (rather than ‘early career researchers’). Indirect Discrimination Indirect discrimination is where everyone is treated the same but there are requirements that disproportionately impact members of a group protected from discrimination (e.g. women, members of a particular religion or race). An example would be height or weight or strength requirements that discriminate against women but cannot be demonstrated to be related to the ability to competently perform the job in question. Indirect discrimination is the most common form of discrimination though often inadvertent and unintentional. However, the legality of the recruitment and selection process does not rest on good intentions and cannot be used as a defence to a complaint.

How Tension Is Created in the Play “a View from the Bridge? Essay

In this essay I am going to discuss how tension is created in the play â€Å"A View from the Bridge† written by Arthur Miller, but more specifically how tension is created at the end of Act One. A View from the Bridge is set in Red Hook, New York full of Italian Americans who struggle to earn a living. In the 1950’s, Italy was a very poor country however immigration was made illegal before this, in 1946. The play goes on to tell us about the Carbone family, an American family consisting of a couple – Eddie and Beatrice and her sister’s orphaned daughter; Catherine. Having raised Catherine since she was a small girl, Eddie is extremely possessive and controlling of her, which we come to see more and more as the play progresses. When Beatrice’s cousins Marco and Rodolfo come to stay with the family illegally, to try and get work and a sufficient amount of money to send back home to Italy, tensions rises as Eddie feels threatened as Marco’s alpha male status, which causes a shift in balance in the household. As we read the play, we come to see how Eddie’s petty insecurity gets the better of him, causing an inevitable tragic ending. Towards the end of Act One, we see the tension in the Carbone household reach a critical level, and it is clear for all to see. The characters attempt to ignore, hide and even relieve this tension by all means necessary, although whatever they do seems to make the atmosphere even more tension filled. Relationships between certain characters – such as the one between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice and the relationship between Eddie and Marco create tension in different ways, and sound/music, action, movement and gesture all contribute to the rising tension at the end of Act One. We see many different examples of tension when it comes to the relationship between Catherine, Rodolfo, Eddie and Beatrice. For example, Catherine’s first words in this scene are â€Å"You know where they went? † This automatically causes accidental tension between Rodolfo/Marco and Eddie because Catherine is exclaiming to Eddie that the men have travelled, making Eddie feel angry as he doesn’t to seem in any way or form weak compared to Rodolfo and Marco. In Eddie’s eyes, he sees this as the two brothers have something over him, so now he tries in any shape or form to ‘win back’ Catherine. As well as this, the way Catherine says this seems to be with pure enthusiasm and excitement which shows how naive she is to her surroundings. This reflects Catherine’s general behaviour as she is nearly 18, and doesn’t seem to notice the effect of her actions on other people. Additionally we can clearly see Eddie’s resentment of Rodolfo when Rodolfo mistakenly angers Eddie when he says â€Å"lemons are green†. This is said in response to Eddie trying to belittle the brothers and imply their trade is dishonest, so when Rodolfo says â€Å"lemons are green† this makes Eddie look the fool and we already know that Eddie feels bitter about the two brothers, especially Rodolfo so when he makes him look stupid, automatic tension is created. It does so in the way that Eddie doesn’t want to be outsmarted by Rodolfo because he doesn’t want to look as if Rodolfo is superior to him. When Eddie has a go at Rodolfo for taking Catherine out to the movies, and returning home later than she usually does, Eddie is clearly on the brink of a full blown rage, and when he starts to tell Marco this, Marco instantly orders, not tells Rodolfo that he will from now be back home in time. This specifically doesn’t create tension but shows us more of Marco’s alpha male position, which Eddie is obviously threatened by. What does create tension is when Beatrice defends Rodolfo when Eddie is trying to prove it point that Rodolfo is the cause of Catherine staying out late by saying â€Å"Well, he didn’t exactly drag her off Eddie. † This shows to us the Beatrice is defending Rodolfo as she is disagreeing completely with what Eddie, her husband is saying. This obviously creates tension because as a wife, Beatrice is meant to support and agree with her husband, however she is disagrees with what Eddie has said, as she believes that Eddie has inappropriate feelings towards Catherine, so Beatrice will obviously want to get Catherine out of the picture as soon as possible so she can feel that she has ‘her husband back’. After this Eddie starts to openly criticise Rodolfo in front of the household, but more especially it’s directed at Catherine, so Eddie can convince her that Rodolfo lacks any type of masculinity. He does this by saying â€Å"He’s a cook, too! †¦ He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses.. † by saying this he is implying that these stereotypically feminine skills mean the Rodolfo is no kind of man, or at least in Eddie’s eyes which means he isn’t right for Catherine. As well as this although Eddie never actually says it in the play, he often implies that Rodolfo may be gay, which is what he may be trying to do here. This creates tension because although Rodolfo doesn’t clearly see it, Eddie is openly mocking him, and making him look like less of a man. The tone of which Eddie says this in is obviously meant to knock Rodolfo but he is totally oblivious to Eddie’s growing resentment, which creates more tension as it angers Eddie as it doesn’t spark a reaction. Miller uses music and sound as well as dialogue to show the tension at the end of the scene. For example when Catherine puts the record â€Å"Paper Doll† on and dances with Rodolfo, many forms of tension are created here. For instance, the lyrics of the song are all about someone taking away someone from another person, who is exactly what Eddie feels Rodolfo is doing to Catherine. So the lyrics in the record will cause tension as Eddie believes this is what is happening, and it’s almost ironic that Catherine chooses this record to play. The most obvious form of tension when Catherine and Rodolfo dance, is simply the fact that they’re dancing. As we know Rodolfo and Eddie were not having a nice conversation before when Catherine suggested dancing, and Rodolfo was very weary of Eddie’s behaviour. So the fact that they’re being quite close and intimate in front of Eddie is bound to cause tension as Eddie doesn’t like Rodolfo, so the fact they’re dancing is bound to cause tension. Also, the fact that Rodolfo has spent money which he should be saving (like Marco is) annoys Eddie because he feels that the two brother should be keeping a low profile instead of publicly making themselves known, and by shopping this means that Rodolfo has gone out, which means people would have seen him and etc. So this creates tension as it annoys Eddie that he’s off gallivanting buying records and clothes, instead of working hard and keeping a low profile. After tension being made by music, Rodolfo turns the music off abruptly, which almost acts as Rodolfo’s reaction to what Eddie says. The lack of music means that everything that is said can be clearly heard, and it means the characters have nothing to ‘hide’ behind. This creates tension as the lack of music symbolises Rodolfo’s patience with Eddie, as his comment was unjustified and Rodolfo obviously felt offended enough to turn off the music. Action, movement and gesture are additionally used to reveal tension in the household, for example when Eddie is talking about Rodolfo and how Eddie is different (and better) than Rodolfo, he has â€Å"unconsciously twisting the newspaper into a tight role†¦until it eventually tears in two†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This automatically creates tension as it is if Eddie has subconsciously been showing them all his true feelings of Rodolfo. As these are stage directions, we can indefinitely see the violence that Eddie is holding on to, and this symbolises his feelings towards Rodolfo. After this Eddie tries to teach Rodolfo boxing and instead, ends up punching him in the face. Eddie obviously does this to show off, to prove to everyone how masculine he is and how much better he is and weak Rodolfo is. He does this to make up for Rodolfo’s earlier comment where Eddie felt as if he was being made a mockery of, and this gives Eddie a chance to show off his physical strength against Rodolfo. In conclusion, Arthur Miller creates tension through the use of stage directions, dialogue and many other different techniques. He often uses the stage directions to symbolise the physical status of his characters, which ultimately reflects subconsciously how they really feel about one another, and this is what really shows us how much tension there is created and how much drama there is at the end of Act One.